Lesotho is landlocked country of 30,355 square kilometers. It is made up of four ecological zones; Lowlands, Foothills, Mountains and Valleys. The mountainous areas account for more than 60% of the total geographic coverage, with less than 23% of the Lesotho population residing in other areas.

The population is estimated to be 1.8million, with a population density of less than 75% persons per square kilometer. Due to the topography of the country, households and businesses have tended to concentrate around the town centers and selected rural community areas of high economic activity, particularly in the lowlands.